Reproductive disorders in does experimentally infected by Toxoplasma gondii / Distúrbios reprodutivos em cabras experimentalmente infectadas por Toxoplasma gondii

The aim of this study was to describe the reproductive disorders related to experimental infection by artificial insemination with semen contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii of four goats in the chronic phase of the infection. In the end of the study, the does were submitted to necropsy, and PCR and histopathological evaluations were performed. Among infected does that exhibited embryonic loss, two were in anestrus and two exhibited repeated estrus. One of the latter animals exhibited clinical signs of estrus at seven-day intervals, whereas the other had a 21-day estrous cycle. However, both does were naturally mated on subsequent natural estrous and were not able to get pregnant until the end of the experiment (90 d). Two of the goats exhibited abnormalities in the ultrasound examinations, one of which was an ovarian cyst, while the other was a hydrosalpinx, both of which were confirmed in the post-mortem examination. The main microscopic injuries in this group were neutrophilic infiltration of the lungs, interstitial glomerulonephritis and neutrophilic infiltration of the liver. T. gondii DNA was found in the organs (heart and brain) of three does. In conclusion, does infected with Toxoplasma gondii in semen at the time of artificial insemination display reproductive disorders in the chronic phase of infection that might be associated with toxoplasmosis.

Objetivou-se descrever os distúrbios reprodutivos associados à infecção experimental por Toxoplasma gondii através da inseminação artificial com sêmen contaminado em quatro cabras no estágio crônico da infecção. As características do trato reprodutor foram avaliadas através de ultrassonografia transretal, visando o diagnóstico gestacional ou de desordens reprodutivas, após a infecção experimental. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram necropsiados e avaliações histopatológicas e PCR foram realizados. Dentre os animais infectados que exibiram mortalidade embrionária, duas apresentaram anestro e duas apresentaram repetição de estro, sendo que destas uma apresentou intervalos entre estros reduzido (sete dias) e outra em intervalo regular (21 dias). Todavia, ambas foram submetidas a monta natural durante os estros naturais subsequentese não foi confirmada gestação até o final do experimento (90 dias). Duas cabras exibiram alterações nos exames de ultrassonografia, sendo identificadas um cisto ovariano, e uma hidrossalpinge, ambas confirmadas no exame post-mortem. As principais lesões microscópicas nesse grupo foram infiltração neutrofílica dos pulmões, glomerulonefrite intersticial e infiltração neutrofílica do fígado. O DNA de T. gondii foi encontrado nos órgãos (coração e cérebro) de três cabras. Em conclusão, cabras infectadas comsêmen contendoT. gondii no momento da inseminação artificial apresentam distúrbios reprodutivos na fase crônica da infecção que podem estar associados à toxoplasmose.

Células tronco do tecido adiposo de equinos: Estudo do seu potencial para o tratamento da endometrose / Stem cells from equine adipose tissue Study of their potential for the treatment of endometrosis

A aplicação terapêutica de Células Tronco ( CT) em equinos é um campo emergente. Nestes animais, as CT são promissoras para o tratamento de lesões nos tendões e rupturas de ligamentos...

In horses, Stem Cell (SC) therapies are a promising tool to the treatment of many injuries, as tendon lesions and ligaments rupture...

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of the retained semen straw in the uterus of a repeat breeder cow

A 6-year-old lactating Holstein cow with a history of repeat breeding syndrome [failed to conceive after three artificial inseminations [AI] with fertile semen] was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University. According to the history, neither abnormal clinical signs, nor uterine discharge had been observed subsequent to AI. The cow had shown signs of oestrus on a cyclic and regular basis. On rectal examination, no palpable object was detected inside the uterine horns, however, transrectal ultrasonographic examination revealed a hyperechoic straw-shape object in the left uterine horn. Left-flank laparotomy was performed and after exposure of left uterine horn, the palpated straw was removed through a small hysterotomy incision. Postoperative follow-up did not show any complication. No attempt was made to inseminate the cow after operation as it was not the farmer's plan to get the cow in calf

Detecção de Mycoplasma spp. e Ureaplasma diversum em vacas com distúrbios reprodutivos / Detection of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma diversum in cown with reproductive disorders

Foram utilizadas 112 amostras de muco vulvovaginal, coletados de vacas com distúrbios reprodutivos, para pesquisa de Mycoplasma e Ureaplasma. Para isolamentos, foram usados meios específicos para micoplasmas (SP-4) e para ureaplasmas. PCR genérica, PCR específica para Mycoplasma bovis e nested-PCR em tubo único para Ureaplasma diversum foram realizados com os DNAs extraídos das amostras. Mycoplasma spp. e U. diversum foram detectados em 12,5 e 25,0 por cento, respectivamente. A PCR genérica resultou em reações positivas em 63,4 por cento das amostras transportadas em SP-4 e em 69,6 por cento das transportadas em meio de ureaplasma. M. bovis foi detectado, na PCR específica, em 9,8 por cento das amostras e U. diversum, na nested-PCR, em 37,5 por cento. Houve maior sensibilidade na metodologia da PCR quando comparada à técnica de cultivo para Mycoplasma e Ureaplasma

In the study, 112 samples of vulvovaginal mucus of cows bearing reproductive disturbance were investigated for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. Specific media for the culture of mycoplasmas (SP-4) and ureaplasmas were used. PCR with general primers, PCR specific for Mycoplasma bovis, and nested-PCR in a single tube for Ureaplasma diversum were performed to detect DNA of the sample. Mycoplasma spp. and U. diversum were isolated in 12.5 and 25.0 percent, respectively. With generic PCR, positive reaction was obtained in 63.4 percent of the samples transported in SP-4 and 69.6 percent in ureaplasma medium. M. bovis was detected in 9.8 percent of samples and nested-PCR in a single tube for U. diversum resulted in 35.0 percent of positive reaction. Results demonstrated increased sensitivity of PCR methodology compared with culture technique applied to the search of microorganisms of Mycoplasma and Ureasplasma genera

Estudo clínico e histopatológico da genitália de fêmeas bovinas de corte descartadas após a 3ª Inseminação Artificial / Clinical and histopathologic study of genital system of beef cows slaughtered after third artificial insemination

Os exames clínicos, macroscópico e histopatológico post-mortem e de biópsia uterina revelaram em vinte e uma fêmea bovinas de corte descartadas após a terceira Inseminação Artificial que a principal causa de infertilidade fol a infecção uterina. Outras condições associadas ao complexo metrite/endometrite, tais como cisto folicular, hipoplasia ovariana, corpo lúteo cístico e cérvix sinuosa também foram observados. Houve correspondência entre todos os métodos de diagnóstico empregados. O exame clínico dos animais permitiu diagnosticar 76,19% das causas de infertilidade e 71,42% dos casos de infecção uterina, enquanto o exame macroscópico post-mortem demonstrou 95,23% dessas causas. Por outro lado, a biópsia uterina demonstrou a mesma acurácia para o diagnóstico de infecção uterina demonstrada no exame histopatológico post-mortem.

Twenty-one non-pregnant beef cows after third insemination were submitted to clinicai examination of the reproductive tract, including collection of samples for uterina biopsy. Twenty-four hours later they were slaughtered and macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the genital tract were performed. Uterina infections proved to be the major cause of infertility, also associated to others disturbances, such as cystic ovarian disease, ovarian hypoplasia, cystic corpus luteum and sinuosity of the cervix presented in minar cases. Diagnose obtained through rectal palpation of the genital tract, uterina biopsy and post-mortem histopathologyc showed good conformity. Through rectal palpation accurately diagnosed 71,42% of the cows with uterina ifection and 76,19% of ali abnormalities. The post-mortem macroscopic examination of the genital tract found out 95,23% of the pathologic changes presented. Every samples obtained by uterina biopsy showed to uterina infections, which were later confirmed by the post-mortem histopathologic examination. In conclusion, the main cause of infertility in this group of cows was uterina infections.

Modificaçöes na técnica de correçäo cirúrgica de dilaceraçäo perineal de 3§ grau em éguas / Modifications of surgical correction of the 3rd degree perineal laceration in mares

Em 52 éguas de diferentes raças e idades, praticou-se cirurgia corretiva de dilaceraçäo perineal de 3§ grau, com modificaçöes na técnica de GOTZE, na tentativa de restabelecer a anatomia do sistema reprodutor, bem como a vida reprodutiva destas fêmeas. Das éguas que sofreram a cirurgia, a totalidade (100//) retornou à reproduçäo, alcançando-se o índice máximo de fertilidade após inseminaçäo artificial ou cobertura. Os resultados obtidos pelo emprego da técnica proposta permite indicá-la como uma conduta correta e eficiente na recuperaçäo anátomo-funcional do genital de éguas com dilaceraçäo de períneo de 3§ grau